In the current review we will present the complication of pneumothorax after CVC insertion.

Sterile technique is highly important here, as a line may serve as a port of entry for pathogenic organisms, and the line itself may become infected with organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci. There are situations according to the drug administration or length of stay of the catheter that specific systems are indicated such as a Hickman line, a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line or a Port-a-Cath may be considered because of their smaller infection risk. CVC usually remain in place for a longer period of time than other venous access devices. There are several situations that require the insertion of a CVC mainly to administer medications or fluids, obtain blood tests (specifically the “central venous oxygen saturation”), and measure central venous pressure. The central venous catheter (CVC) is a catheter placed into a large vein in the neck, chest (subclavian vein or axillary vein) or groin (femoral vein). Papanikolaou” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 3Oncology Department, “Interbalkan” European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece 42nd Pulmonary Clinic of “Sotiria” Hospital, Athens, Greece 5Pulmonary Laboratory of Alexandra Hospital University of Athens, Athens, Greece 6Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece 7Thoracic Surgery Department, “Saint Luke” Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece 8Ear, Nose and Throat, “Saint Luke” Private Hospital, Panorama, Thessaloniki, Greece 9Thoracic Surgery Department, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece 10Nuclear Medicine Department, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece 11Clinic for Thoracic Surgery, The Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, University of Novi Sad, Serbia

congenital tracheobronchomegaly (a.k.a.1Anesthesiology Department, “Saint Luke” Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece 2Pulmonary-Oncology, “G.

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

obliteration of the retrosternal airspace.

deviation of the azygo-esophageal recess.posterior tracheal stripe/tracheo-esophageal stripe.normal chest x-ray appearance of the diaphragm.neonatal chest x-ray in the exam setting.pediatric chest x-ray in the exam setting.osteophyte induced adjacent pulmonary atelectasis and fibrosis.chronic bilateral airspace opacification (differential).chronic unilateral airspace opacification (differential).acute airspace opacification with lymphadenopathy (differential).acute bilateral airspace opacification (differential).acute unilateral airspace opacification (differential).differential diagnoses of airspace opacification.differential of left paramediastinal catheter positions.peripherally inserted central catheters.evaluation of endotracheal tube position.evaluation of nasogastric tube position.Meanwhile, high flow rates have higher risk of catheter rupture with uncertain gurantee of image quality 4,5. Slow injection rate of 2ml s -1 only minimally compromise the image quality. Localizing the the position of CVC before and after the injection Safety protocols when using CVC as intravenous contrast injection site are 5:Īspirating blood before the injection of contrast media Automatic power injection or hand injection of contrast media poses the same risk of catheter rupture 4. Among the complications are 4:Ĭatheter rupture leading to contrast extravasationĬatheters more than 3 months old have increased risk of rupture. Guidewire shearing and fragment embolizationĬontrast injection through a central venous catheter is safe with complication rate of 1% if a strict protocol is followed. Ultrasound-guided CVL insertion is proposed to reduce the number of complications and to increase the safety and quality of central venous catheter (CVC) placement. There is a limited differential of left paramediastinal catheter positions. Policy varies by institution but tip placement for neck/thoracic/upper limb CVCs in the superior vena cava or at the cavoatrial junction is generally acceptable. Internal jugular vein (see: jugular venous catheters)įemoral vein (typically only short-term access)īrachial, basilic or cephalic veins (for PICCs and implantable ports) May be located in the chest or arm (brachial)Ĭentral venous catheters can be inserted into a variety of veins, most commonly including:

Hickman catheters, Groshong catheter, Broviac line, Permcath Vascath is used for haemodialysis, apheresis, stem cell collection, etc.Į.g. used in ICU or ED for emergent or short-term (<7-10 days) accessĮ.g. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC)Į.g.

Ij triple lumen central line